WEP suffers from the following weakness:
• A shared key weakness –
• No per-packet authentication
• Vulnerability to disassociation attacks
• No user identification and authentication
• No central authentication, authorization, and accounting support
• RC4 is vulnerable to known plaintext attacks
• and others

http://www.sans.org
http://www.cert.org
http://www.gocsi.com
http://www.usenix.org
http://www.securityfocus.com
http://www.mcafee.com
Intrusion Detection
ICS
Mirror Mode
Mirroring”, which is a feature that allows you to configure the switch to redirect the traffic that occurs on some or all ports to a designated monitoring port on the switch. With this feature, you can monitor the entire LAN segment in switched network environment

Monitor switch traffic
• Mirror the way out port to the management port (mirror port), in this way the entire data transmitted into/out of LAN can be monitored.
• Mirror all way out ports to the management port (mirror port), in this way not only the entire data transmitted into/out of LAN but also the communication among hosts in LAN can be monitored.
Administrator.
Modify secure system policies
Update antivirus and firewall
Forcing password policies changing default password
Implementing Intrusion detection mechanism
Updating recent patches
Back up the sytem.

Human factors‘
Carelessness
Hacking
Social Engineering

IPv4 and IPV6
1.Simplified header format. IPv6 has a fixed length header, which does not include most of the options an IPv4 header can include. Even though the IPv6 header contains two 128 bit addresses (source and destination IP address) the whole header has a fixed length of 40 bytes only. This allows for faster processing.
Options are dealt with in extension headers, which are only inserted after the IPv6 header if needed. So for instance if a packet needs to be fragmented, the fragmentation header is inserted after the IPv6 header. The basic set of extension headers is defined in RFC 2460.
2.Address extended to 128 bits. This allows for hierarchical structure of the address space and provides enough addresses for almost every 'grain of sand' on the earth. Important for security and new services/devices that will need multiple IP addresses and/or permanent connectivity.
3.A lot of the new IPv6 functionality is built into ICMPv6 such as Neighbor Discovery, Autoconfiguration, Multicast Listener Discovery, Path MTU Discovery.
4.Enhanced Security and QoS Features

IEEE 802
wifi 802
RFC
NIST
NERC
ISO
IDS: Definition and purpose
What is?
detectSoftware and hardware accessing of computer systems
attacks, crackers, malware.
IDS cannot detect attacks.
Why is useful ???
Detect malicious behaviors compromise the security and trust of a
computer system. Network, data, host based and unauthorized attacks.
Malware
IDS Components
Components:
Sensors security events
Console monitor events
Engine records events
Firewalls and IDSs
IDS differs from a firewall.
Firewalls limit access. An IDS
evaluates a suspected intrusion
Active IDS is also commonly know as IPS, is a system that‘s configured to
automatically block suspected attacks in progress without any
intervention required by an operator.
Advantages :
IPS has the advantage of providing real-time corrective action in
response to an attack.
Disadvantages:
An IPS must be placed in-line along a network boundary; thus, the IPS
itself is susceptible to attack.
Also, if false alarms and legitimate traffic haven't been properly
identified and filtered, Authorized users and applications may be
improperly denied access also.
It can also be used to effect denial of service.
Denial-of-Service attack
– DoS attack is a malicious attempt by a single person or
a group of people to cause the victim, site, or node to
deny service to its customers.
• DoS vs DDoS
– DoS: when a single host attacks
– DDos: when multiple hosts attacks simultaneously

Excellent
$875

Good
$725

Fair
$450
(Selected)

Search Local Listings
Sell Your Coupe
Vehicle Highlights
Mileage: 152,000
Engine: 6 Cylinder Gas
Transmission: Automatic
Drivetrain: FWD

Selected Equipment Change Equipment
Standard
Air Conditioning Power Steering AM/FM Stereo

Blue Book Private Party Value
Private Party Value is what a buyer can expect to pay when buying a used car from a private party. The Private Party Value assumes the vehicle is sold "As Is" and carries no warranty (other than the continuing factory warranty). The final sale price may vary depending on the vehicle's actual condition and local market conditions. This value may also be used to derive Fair Market Value for insurance and vehicle donation purposes.
Vehicle Condition Ratings Check Vehicle Title History Excellent
$875

"Excellent" condition means that the vehicle looks new, is in excellent mechanical condition and needs no reconditioning. This vehicle has never had any paint or body work and is free of rust. The vehicle has a clean title history and will pass a smog and safety inspection. The engine compartment is clean, with no fluid leaks and is free of any wear or visible defects. The vehicle also has complete and verifiable service records. Less than 5% of all used vehicles fall into this category.
Good
$725

"Good" condition means that the vehicle is free of any major defects. This vehicle has a clean title history, the paint, body and interior have only minor (if any) blemishes, and there are no major mechanical problems. There should be little or no rust on this vehicle. The tires match and have substantial tread wear left. A "good" vehicle will need some reconditioning to be sold at retail. Most consumer owned vehicles fall into this category.
Fair
$450

"Fair" condition means that the vehicle has some mechanical or cosmetic defects and needs servicing but is still in reasonable running condition. This vehicle has a clean title history, the paint, body and/or interior need work performed by a professional. The tires may need to be replaced. There may be some repairable rust damage.
Poor
N/A

"Poor" condition means that the vehicle has severe mechanical and/or cosmetic defects and is in poor running condition. The vehicle may have problems that cannot be readily fixed such as a damaged frame or a rusted-through body. A vehicle with a branded title (salvage, flood, etc.) or unsubstantiated mileage is considered "poor." A vehicle in poor condition may require an independent appraisal to determine its value. Kelley Blue Book does not attempt to report a value on a "poor" vehicle because the value of cars in this category varies greatly.
* New Jersey 10/24/2006